Kamis, 04 Juli 2019

ILMU KOMPUTER


Nabilla Eka Swadati
14115892
4KA30
COMPUTER SCIENCE
A. Understanding Computer
Human life at this time seems to have no longer been released from technology, especially Computers. In fact, there are many computer-based equipment currently it is commonly used and owned by the community, for example personal data assistant (PDA), global position system (GPS), mobile computers (desktops, laptops), mobile phone (cellphone), translator, and so on.
Computers (computers) are taken from computare (Latin language) which means count (to compute or to reckon). The computer word was originally used for describe the person whose work is doing arithmetic calculations, with or without tools, but the meaning of the word is then transferred to the machine itself some experts and researchers have their own understanding of computers including as follows:
1. Robert H. Blissmer in the Computer Annual book, Computers are a electronic device capable of performing several tasks such as receiving input, process the input according to the program, save commands and results of processing, as well as providing internal output information form.
2. Donald H. Sanders in the book Computer Today, Computers are systems electronics to manipulate data quickly and precisely and designed and organized so that it automatically receives and stores data input, process it and produce output under the supervision of a steps, program instructions stored in memory (stored program).
3. Hamacher et al., In the book Computer Organization, Computers are fast electronic calculating machine can receive digital input information, process it according to a program stored in its memory and produce information output.
B. Computer Collection
The latest literature classifies computers based on four things, namely data processed, use, shape and size, and generation.
1. Data processed
a. Analog computer
Analog computers are used to process data qualitative, works continuously, and not data in the form of numbers, but in physical form and parallel. Usually no language is needed intermediary. For example: the computer used to adjust temperature, sound speed and voltage electricity.
b. Digital Computer
Digital computers are used to process data quantitative (letters, numbers, letter combinations and numbers, and special characters). Usually need language intermediary one of which is a PC Computer (PC is a personal computer), laptops, and the like.
c. Hybrid Computer
Hybrid computers are a combination of analog and computer digital computers, for example facsimile.
2. Usage
a. Computers for Special Purpose (special purpose computer)
This computer is used specifically and has one work function; for example as a server, PC Routher, or dumb terminal
b. General purpose computer
This computer is used in general, for example graphic processing, multimedia processing, processing database and other processing programs.
3. Shape and Size
a. Supercomputer
The type of computer used to complete problem that requires very calculation complex. Because the shape and price are relative expensive, this computer we rarely encounter. Usually used in universities, governments and companies big.
b. Mainframe computer
This type of computer is used in the environment when users need access to run programs, and use data together. Usually this type of computer is widely used as an e-commerce server that serves transactions via the internet.
c. Minicomputer
This type of computer is smaller than a mainframe type computer, but larger than the type of microcomputer. Usually has several terminals. This type of computer is used as a computer network server or internet server.
d. Computer workstation
Computer single-user (used by one person) that is very powerful. Usually used for computer applications that require complex calculations and hard work, such as making computer animation
e. Micro computer / personal computer (PC)
The type of personal computer used by one person, whose performance depends on needs. This type of computer includes desktop computers, laptops, PDAs.
3. Computer Systems.
a. HARDWARE: Physical equipment from the computer itself. Equipment that can be physically seen, held or moved.
ü  Input: The process of entering data into a computer process through an input device
(input device).
ü  Processing: The process of processing data with processing devices (processing devices) in the form of the process of counting, comparing, classifying, sorting, controlling, or searching in storage.
ü  Output: The process of producing output from the results of data processing using an output device, which is in the form of information.

b. SOFTWARE: a procedure for operation of the computer itself or various procedures for processing data that has been predetermined.
ü  Operating System is software that is in charge of controlling and coordinate the use of hardware for various applications for various users.
ü  Application Program is software that determines how resources are used to solve user problems.

c. BRAINWARE: people who work directly using computers as a tool, or people who do not work directly using a computer, but receive work from a computer in the form of a report.
ü  System Analyst: the person in charge of studying, analyzing, designing and establish a system / procedure for processing data electronically based on applications ordered by users of computer services.
ü  Programmer: who is in charge of data processing programming based on a specialization program.
ü  Operator: who is in charge of preparing the computer to process a the program starts from turning on the computer, running the computer (operates computer programs / computer applications).

Referensi   :

Question    :
1.      What is special purpose computer use?
Answer            : This computer is used specifically and has one work function; for
   example as a server, PC Routher, or dumb terminal.
2.      How to understand computers according to Donald h. sanders?
Answer            : Computers are systems electronics to manipulate data quickly and
precisely and designed and organized so that it automatically receives   and stores data input, process it and produce output under the supervision of a steps, program instructions stored in memory (stored program).
3.      what are the categories in brainware?
Answer            :
ü  System Analyst: the person in charge of studying, analyzing, designing and establish a system / procedure for processing data electronically based on applications ordered by users of computer services.
ü  Programmer: who is in charge of data processing programming based on a specialization program.
ü  Operator: who is in charge of preparing the computer to process a the program starts from turning on the computer, running the computer (operates computer programs / computer applications).


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