Rabu, 01 Mei 2019

Kumpulan Contoh Soal TOEFL Beserta Jawaban + Pembahasannya

TOEFL Example Questions

  1. Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes _______ they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface.
A. due to
B. because
C. in spite of
D. regardless of

Discussion       : The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to  
volcanoes because they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface”.

  1. During the early period of ocean navigation, ________ any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques.
A. so that hardly
B. where there hardly was
C. hardly was
D. there was hardly

Discussion       : The sentence should read, "During the early period of ocean  navigation,
     there was hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques".

  1. With his friend________ found the movie theatre.
A. has
B. he
C. later
D. when

Discussion       : Pertama harus dilihat bagian subject dan kata kerja (verb). Tampak   
  bahwa found sebagai kata kerja, tapi tidak ditemukan adanya subjek.  
  jangan berpikir bahwa friend adalah subjek, namun friend adalah objek   
  dari preposisi with. Sebab, satu kata benda tidak bisa menjadi subjek dan   
  obyek sekaligus secara bersamaan. Karena yang dibutuhkan dalam
  pertanyaan di atas adalah mencari subjek, maka jawaban (B), he, adalah
  jawaban terbaik. Sedangkan (A), (C), dan (D) bukan jawaban yang benar,
  karena ketiganya tidak bisa menjadi subjek.

  1. __________ , Sarah rarely misses her basketball shots.
A. An excellent basketball player
B. An excellent basketball player is
C. Sarah is an excellent basketball player
D. Her excellent basketball play

Discussion       : Sarah adalah subjek, dan misses adalah kata kerja karena tidak
dipisahkan oleh koma. Untuk menentukan jawabannya, Anda harus   mencari dan menempatkan appositive untuk Sarah. Maka, An excellent basketball player (Sarah adalah pemain basket yang ulung) sebagai jawaban yang tepat (A). Sedangkan, (B) dan (C) tidak benar, karena keduanya berisi kata kerja (to be) is. Padahal, appositive tidak membutuhkan kata kerja. Sementara, (D) berisi kata benda, play, yang mungkin bisa menjadi appositive, tapi play menunjukkan status dari Sarah, jadi jawaban ini tidak benar.

  1. The child_________ playing in the yard is my son.
A. now
B. is
C. he
D. was

Discussion       : Jika, Anda melihat selintas dari awal kalimat, tampak bahwa child adalah
subjek dan playing merupakan kata kerja. Jika Anda berpikir bahwa playing merupakan bagian dari kata kerja, Anda kemungkinan memilih jawaban (B), is, atau jawaban (D), was, untuk menyempurnakan kata kerja. Padahal, kedua jawaban tersebut tidak benar, karena playing bukan bagian dari kata kerja. Anda harus menyadari bahwa playing adalah participle adjective, karena ada verb lain dalam kalimat ini, yaitu is. Maka, dalam kalimat ini, sudah ada subjek (child) dan kata kerja (is), jadi kalimat ini tidak membutuhkan subjek atau kata kerja lainnya. Karenanya, jawaban yang tepat ialah (A).

  1. The bread _________ baked this morning smelled delicious.
A. has
B. was
C. it
D. just

Discussion       : jika melihat beberapa kata pertama dari kalimat, tampak bahwa bread
adalah subyek dan baked sebagai kata kerja lengkap atau past participle yang membutuhkan kata kerja pembantu. Padahal, jika dilihat lagi dalam kalimat, Anda akan melihat kata kerja smelled. Anda kemudian akan menyadari bahwa baked Page 17 From 23 adalah kata sifat participial (adjective participial), sehingga ia bukanlah bagian dari kata kerja. Karenanya, jawaban (A) dan (B) tidak benar, sebab baked adalah kata sifat dan tidak membutuhkan kata kerja pembantu seperti has atau was. Jawaban (C) tidak benar karena tidak membutuhkan untuk subjek it. Jawaban (D) adalah jawaban yang tepat untuk pertanyaan ini. The bread just baked this morning smelled delicious. (Roti yang dibakar pagi ini tercium nikmat).

  1. A power failure occured, _______ the lamps went out.
A. then
B. so
C. later
D. next

Discussion       : Dari kalimat di atas dapat kita ketahui bahwa kalimat tersebut
mempunyai dua klausa "a power failure occured" dan "the lamps went out". Jadi kalimat tersebut butuh sebuah coordinate connector untuk menghubungkan ke dua klausa tersebut. Dari pilihan jawaban yang ada hanya 1 bentuk connector yaitu so. Jadi jawaban paling tepat adalah (B), so.

  1. Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen is continuously fed into biological circulation. In this process, certain algae and bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia (NH3). This Line newly created ammonia is then for the most part absorbed by plants.

The opposite process of denitrification returns nitrogen to the air. During the process of denitrification, bacteria cause some of the nitrates from the soil to convert into gaseous nitrogen or nitrous oxide (N2O). In this gaseous form, the nitrogen returns to the (10) atmosphere.

Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. The Process of Nitrogen Fixation
B. Two Nitrogen Processes
C. The Return of Nitrogen to the Air
D. The Effect of Nitrogen on Plant Life

Discussion       : Pertanyaan ini menanyakan tentang judul terbaik untuk bagian ini.
Dalam bagian yang memiliki lebih dari satu paragraf, Anda harus yakin untuk membaca kalimat pertama dari setiap paragraf untuk menentukan subjek, topik, judul, atau gagasan utama. Dalam contoh ini, kalimat pertama dari paragraf pertama menunjukkan bahwa paragraf pertama membahas tentang proses fiksasi nitrogen. Jika Anda hanya melihat paragraf pertama, Anda mungkin memilih jawaban yang salah (A), yang dapat jadi judul yang baik untuk paragraf pertama saja. Kalimat pertama dari paragraf kedua menunjukkan bahwa proses denitrification (denitrifikasi) dibahas dalam paragraf kedua. Jawaban (C) juga tidak benar, karena kembalinya nitrogen ke udara adalah proses denitrifikasi (lihat kalimat: In this gaseous form the nitrogen returns to the atmosphere), dan ini dibahas dalam paragraf kedua saja. Sedangkan jawaban (D) juga tidak benar, karena pengaruh nitrogen pada tanaman hidup tidak dibahas dalam bagian ini. Untuk itu, jawaban yang tepat atas pertanyaan ini adalah jawaban (B); dua proses nitrogen, yaitu fixation nitrogen yang dibahas dalam paragraf pertama, dan denitrification yang dibahas dalam paragraf kedua.

  1. Williamsburg is a historic city in Virginia that was settled by English colonists in 1633, twenty-six years after the first permanent English colony in America was settled at Line Jamestown.
In the beginning, the colony at Williamsburg was named Middle Plantation because of its location in the middle of a peninsula between two rivers, the York and the James.
The site for Williamsburg had been selected by the colonists because the soil drainage was better there than at the Jamestown location, and there were fewer mosquitoes.

The passage indicates that Jamestown
A. was settled in 1633
B. was settled twenty-six years after Williamsburg
C. was the first permanent English colony in America
D. was originally named Middle Plantation

Discussion       : Pertanyaan ini menanyakan bacaan apa yang mengindikasikan tentang
Jamestown. Jadi, Anda tahu bahwa jawabannya sudah langsung dinyatakan dalam bacaan tersebut. Bacalah sekilas untuk menemukan bagian bacaan yang membahas Jamestown. Jawaban untuk pertanyaan ini ditemukan di pernyataan bahwa "Williamsburg.... was settled by English colonists in 1633, twenty-six years after the first permanent English colony in America was settled at Jamestown." (Williamsburg diduduki oleh penjajah Inggris di Th 1633, 26 tahun setelah menetap pertama kalinya penjajah Inggris di Amerika menduduki Jamestown). Jawaban (A) salah, karena Williamsburg diduduki di tahun 1633. Jawaban (B) salah, karena Jamestown diduduki sebelum Williamsburg. Jawaban (D) salah, karena nama Middle Plantation diperuntukkan bagi Williamsburg. Jawaban yang paling benar adalah (C), karena bacaan tersebut secara langsung menyatakan bahwa Jamestown yang pertama kali diduduki jajahan Inggris di Amerika, "...the first permanent English colony in America....".

  1.  _________ was ringing continuously for hours.
    A. Loudly
    B. In the morning
    C. The Phone
    D. The bells

    Discussion       : Teridentifikasi terdapat sebuah kata kerja yaitu was                 
    sehingga diperlukan subjek untuk melengkapi pernyataan tersebut. Jika, A bukan subjek, B bukan subjek, C subjek, D subjek. lebih tepat jawaban yang tepat adalah C Karena was merupakan kata kerja tunggal dan subjek tunggal.





Reading Section

Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction

There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites have had important effects on Earth, particularly in the field of biological evolution. Such impacts continue to pose a natural hazard to life on Earth. Twice in the twentieth century, large meteorite objects are known to have collided with Earth.

If an impact is large enough, it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and cause an ecological catastrophe. The best-documented such impact took place 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous period of geological history. This break in Earth’s history is marked by a mass extinction, when as many as half the species on the planet became extinct. While there are a dozen or more mass extinctions in the geological record, the Cretaceous mass extinction has always intrigued paleontologists because it marks the end of the age of the dinosaurs. For tens of millions of years, those great creatures had flourished. Then, suddenly, they disappeared.

The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period was a meteorite with a mass of more than a trillion tons and a diameter of at least 10 kilometers. Scientists first identified this impact in 1980 from the worldwide layer of sediment deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact. This sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iridium and other elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite but very rare in the crust of Earth. Even diluted by the terrestrial material excavated from the crater, this component of meteorites is easily identified. By 1990 geologists had located the impact site itself in the Yucatán region of Mexico. The crater, now deeply buried in sediment, was originally about 200 kilometers in diameter.

This impact released an enormous amount of energy, excavating a crater about twice as large as the lunar crater Tycho. The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons of dust into the atmosphere, as can be determined by measuring the thickness of the sediment layer formed. when this dust settled to the surface. Such a quantity of material would have blocked the sunlight completely from reaching the surface, plunging Earth into a period of cold and darkness that lasted at least several months. The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth, starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland. Presumably, those environmental disasters could have been responsible for the mass extinction, including the death of the dinosaurs.


Several other mass extinctions in the geological record have been tentatively identified with large impacts, but none is so dramatic as the Cretaceous event. But even without such specific documentation, it is clear that impacts of this size do occur and that their results can be catastrophic. What is a catastrophe for one group of living things, however, may create opportunities for another group. Following each mass extinction, there is a sudden evolutionary burst as new species develop to fill the ecological niches opened by the event.

Impacts by meteorites represent one mechanism that could cause global catastrophes and seriously influence the evolution of life all over the planet. According to some estimates, the majority of all extinctions of species may be due to such impacts. Such a perspective fundamentally changes our view of biological evolution. The standard criterion for the survival of a species is its success in competing with other species and adapting to slowly changing environments. Yet an equally important criterion is the ability of a species to survive random global ecological catastrophes due to impacts.

Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a few decades ago. In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today by large impacts on Earth. The group conducting the study concluded from a detailed analysis that impacts from meteorites can indeed be hazardous. Although there is always some risk that a large impact could occur, careful study shows that this risk is quite small.


11.  In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs
    had flourished for tens of millions of years and then suddenly disappeared?

a.    To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen or so mass extinctions in the geological record

b.    To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are believed to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous

c.    To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued by the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous

d.    To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the environment of the entire planet and cause an ecological disaster

                 Discussion              : because such an impact became the best documented
                                                  occurred 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous
                                                  period in geological history. This breakthrough in Earth's
                                                  history was marked by mass extinction, when as many as
                                                  half the species on this planet became extinct. While there
                                                  were a dozen or more mass extinctions in geological
                                                  records, the Cretaceous mass extinction always aroused
                                                  interest in paleontologists because it marked the end of
                                                  the dinosaur era. For tens of millions of years, large
                                                  creatures developed. Then, suddenly, they disappeared.

12.  Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the location of the meteorite impact in Mexico?

a.       The location of the impact site in Mexico was kept secret by geologists from 1980 to 1990.

b.      It was a well-known fact that the impact had occurred in the Yucatán region.

c.       Geologists knew that there had been an impact before they knew where it had occurred.

d.      The Yucatán region was chosen by geologists as the most probable impact site because of its climate.

              Discussion               : from the body that hit Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period 
                                                were meteorites with a mass of more than one trillion tons and a 
                                                diameter of at least 10 kilometers. Scientists first identified this 
                                                effect in 1980 from the world sedimentary layer deposited from the 
                                                cloud of dust that enveloped the planet after that impact. this 
                                                meteorite component is easily identified. In 1990 geologists found 
                                                the location of the impact itself in the Yucatán region of Mexico. 
 
13.  According to paragraph 3, how did scientists determine that a large meteorite had impacted Earth?

a.       They discovered a large crater in the Yucatán region of Mexico.

b.      They found a unique layer of sediment worldwide.

c.       They were alerted by archaeologists who had been excavating in the Yucatán region.

d.      They located a meteorite with a mass of over a trillion tons.

                 Discussion            : This sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iridium and other 
                                                elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite but very rare in 
                                                the crust of Earth. Even diluted by the terrestrial material 
                                                excavated from the crater, this component of meteorites is easily 
                                                identified. By 1990 geologists had located the impact site itself in 
                                                the Yucatán region of Mexico. The crater, now deeply buried in 
                                                sediment, was originally about 200 kilometers in diameter.

14.  According to paragraph 4, all of the following statements are true of the impact at the end of the Cretaceous period EXCEPT:

a.       A large amount of dust blocked sunlight from Earth.

b.      Earth became cold and dark for several months.

c.       New elements were formed in Earth’s crust.

d.      Large quantities of nitric acid were produced.

                 Discussion              : untuk jawaban A. “A large amount of dust blocked sunlight from
                                      Earth” dan B. “Earth became cold and dark for several months”
                                      benar, karena The explosion lifted about 100 trillion tons of dust
              into the atmosphere, as can be determined by measuring the
              thickness of the sediment layer formed. when this dust settled to
              the surface. Such a quantity of material would have blocked the
              sunlight completely from reaching the surface, plunging Earth
              into a period of cold and darkness that lasted at least several
              months. Untuk jawaban D. “Large quantities of nitric acid were
              produced”, karena The explosion is also calculated to have
              produced vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that
              sprayed out over much of Earth.

15.  Paragraph 6 supports which of the following statements about the factors that are essential for the survival of a species?

a.       The most important factor for the survival of a species is its ability to compete and adapt to gradual changes in its environment.

b.      The ability of a species to compete and adapt to a gradually changing environment is not the only ability that is essential for survival.

c.       Since most extinctions of species are due to major meteorite impacts, the ability to survive such impacts is the most important factor for the survival of a species.

d.      The factors that are most important for the survival of a species vary significantly from one species to another.

                 Discussion              : The standard criterion for the survival of a species is its
                                                  success in competing with other species and adapting to
                                                  slowly changing environments. Yet an equally important
                                                  criterion is the ability of a species to survive random
                                                  global ecological catastrophes due to impacts


16.  According to the passage, who conducted investigations about the current dangers posed by large meteorite impacts on Earth?

a.       Paleontologists

b.      Geologists

c.       The United States Congress

d.      NASA

Discussion                   : in 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate
  the hazard posed today by large impacts on Earth. The group
  conducting the study concluded from a detailed analysis that
  impacts from meteorites can indeed be hazardous.






Throughout history, people have been the victim of pickpockets. Today, pick pocketing is the one of the most rapidly increasing crimes. Pickpockets are increasing in number and developing better methods to Line practice their skill. Approximately one million Americans lose money to pickpockets every year, and none is really safe from a skilled pickpockets. His victims, or ‘marks’ as they are called, can be rich or poor, young or old.

During the eighteenth century, pickpockets were hanged in England, large crowds of people would gather watch the hanging, which was supposed to be a warning to other pickpockets. However, in time the practice was discontinued. The reason: while people were attentively watching the hanging of a pickpockets, other pickpockets skillfully stole the money of spectators.

Police official say that the most efficient pickpockets come from South America. Many of these expert pickpockets are trained in special school called ‘Jingle Bell Schools’. A pickpocket’s graduate from J. B. S when he is able to steal a wallet from a dresses dummy (mannequin) that Has bells inside its pockets.

Even the most well dressed, respectable person may be a pickpocket. Some of the favorite places of pickpockets are banks, airports, racetrack, supermarkets, elevators, and train and bus stations. Oftentimes a pickpocket will work with another pickpockets as his partner. Another kind of pickpockets works outside or inside bars and specialize in stealing from women is called a ‘purse snatcher’. To avoid being the victim of a pickpocket, it’s important to be very cautious and alert when in the midst of large gathering of the people.

  1. The best title for the passage would be…
A. Pickpockets are well dressed
B. Jingle Bell Schools
C. Pickpockets
D. The hanging of pickpockets

Discussion       : keyword nya “have been the victim of pickcpockets”. Keseluruhan
  bacaan di atas berisi tentang pickpocket (pencopet).

  1.  The hanging of pickpockets were not continued because …
A. they were large crowd of people
B. it was against humanity
C. the police were not at the hanging
D. it was not effective to stop pickpocketing

Discussion       : keyword nya “other pickpockets skillfully stole the money”. Pada
  paragraf 2 dijelaskan bahwa ketika para pencopet digantung, pencopet
  yang lain beraksi di antara kerumunan penonton.

  1. Pick pocketing is … crime.
A. an old
B. a modern
C. a temporary
D. a contemporary

Discussion       : keyword nya “during the 18th century”. Pencopetan merupakan
     kejahatan lama sejak abad ke-18.

  1.  The passage mentions that pickpockets steal in/from the following, except
A. crowded places
B. the shops
C. drunkards
D. women

Discussion       : Keyword nya “his victims can be rich or poor, young or old”.
     Berdasarkan bacaan, drunkard tidak disebutkan.

  1.  South Americans pickpockets are the most efficient ones because …
A. they are well-trained
B. they are handsome
C. they are well-dressed
D. they are respectable

Discussion       : the most efficient pickpockets come from South America. Di Amerika
                          Selatan terdapat sekolah untuk para pencopet.










Sumber :
https://www.pustakabahasainggris.com/50-contoh-soal-toefl-reading-comprehension-lengkap-dengan-kunci-jawaban-dan-pembahasan-part-a/

Nama : Nabilla Eka Swadati
kelas  : 4KA30
dosen : Badarul Syamsul

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