Nabilla
Eka Swadati
14115892
4KA30
COMPUTER
SCIENCE
A. Understanding Computer
Human
life at this time seems to have no longer been released from technology,
especially Computers. In fact, there are many computer-based equipment currently
it is commonly used and owned by the community, for example personal data assistant
(PDA), global position system (GPS), mobile computers (desktops, laptops), mobile
phone (cellphone), translator, and so on.
Computers
(computers) are taken from computare (Latin language) which means count (to
compute or to reckon). The computer word was originally used for describe the
person whose work is doing arithmetic calculations, with or without tools, but
the meaning of the word is then transferred to the machine itself some experts
and researchers have their own understanding of computers including as follows:
1.
Robert H. Blissmer in the Computer Annual book,
Computers are a electronic device capable of performing several tasks such as
receiving input, process the input according to the program, save commands and
results of processing, as well as providing internal output information form.
2.
Donald H. Sanders in the book Computer Today, Computers are
systems electronics to manipulate data quickly and precisely and designed and organized
so that it automatically receives and stores data input, process it and produce
output under the supervision of a steps, program instructions stored in memory
(stored program).
3.
Hamacher et al., In the book Computer Organization,
Computers are fast electronic calculating machine can receive digital input
information, process it according to a program stored in its memory and produce
information output.
B.
Computer Collection
The
latest literature classifies computers based on four things, namely data processed,
use, shape and size, and generation.
1.
Data processed
a.
Analog computer
Analog
computers are used to process data qualitative, works continuously, and not
data in the form of numbers, but in physical form and parallel. Usually no
language is needed intermediary. For example: the computer used to adjust
temperature, sound speed and voltage electricity.
b.
Digital Computer
Digital
computers are used to process data quantitative (letters, numbers, letter
combinations and numbers, and special characters). Usually need language intermediary
one of which is a PC Computer (PC is a personal computer), laptops, and the
like.
c.
Hybrid Computer
Hybrid
computers are a combination of analog and computer digital computers, for
example facsimile.
2.
Usage
a.
Computers for Special Purpose (special purpose computer)
This
computer is used specifically and has one work function; for example as a
server, PC Routher, or dumb terminal
b.
General purpose computer
This
computer is used in general, for example graphic processing, multimedia
processing, processing database and other processing programs.
3.
Shape and Size
a.
Supercomputer
The
type of computer used to complete problem that requires very calculation complex.
Because the shape and price are relative expensive, this computer we rarely
encounter. Usually used in universities, governments and companies big.
b.
Mainframe computer
This
type of computer is used in the environment when users need access to run
programs, and use data together. Usually this type of computer is widely used
as an e-commerce server that serves transactions via the internet.
c.
Minicomputer
This
type of computer is smaller than a mainframe type computer, but larger than the
type of microcomputer. Usually has several terminals. This type of computer is
used as a computer network server or internet server.
d.
Computer workstation
Computer
single-user (used by one person) that is very powerful. Usually used for
computer applications that require complex calculations and hard work, such as
making computer animation
e.
Micro computer / personal computer (PC)
The
type of personal computer used by one person, whose performance depends on
needs. This type of computer includes desktop computers, laptops, PDAs.
3.
Computer Systems.
a.
HARDWARE: Physical equipment from the computer itself. Equipment that can be
physically seen, held or moved.
ü Input:
The process of entering data into a computer process through an input device
(input
device).
ü Processing:
The process of processing data with processing devices (processing devices) in
the form of the process of counting, comparing, classifying, sorting,
controlling, or searching in storage.
ü Output:
The process of producing output from the results of data processing using an
output device, which is in the form of information.
b.
SOFTWARE: a procedure for operation of the computer itself or various
procedures for processing data that has been predetermined.
ü Operating
System is software that is in charge of controlling and coordinate the use of
hardware for various applications for various users.
ü Application
Program is software that determines how resources are used to solve user
problems.
c.
BRAINWARE: people who work directly using computers as a tool, or people who do
not work directly using a computer, but receive work from a computer in the
form of a report.
ü System
Analyst: the person in charge of studying, analyzing, designing and establish a
system / procedure for processing data electronically based on applications
ordered by users of computer services.
ü Programmer:
who is in charge of data processing programming based on a specialization
program.
ü Operator:
who is in charge of preparing the computer to process a the program starts from
turning on the computer, running the computer (operates computer programs /
computer applications).
Referensi :
Question :
1. What
is special purpose computer use?
Answer : This computer is used specifically
and has one work function; for
example as a server, PC Routher, or dumb
terminal.
2. How
to understand computers according to Donald h. sanders?
Answer : Computers are systems electronics
to manipulate data quickly and
precisely and designed
and organized so that it automatically receives and stores data input, process it and produce
output under the supervision of a steps, program instructions stored in memory
(stored program).
3. what
are the categories in brainware?
Answer :
ü System
Analyst: the person in charge of studying, analyzing, designing and establish a
system / procedure for processing data electronically based on applications
ordered by users of computer services.
ü Programmer:
who is in charge of data processing programming based on a specialization
program.
ü Operator:
who is in charge of preparing the computer to process a the program starts from
turning on the computer, running the computer (operates computer programs /
computer applications).
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